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Ninth Fort massacres of November 1941
The Ninth Fort massacres of November 1941 were two separate mass shootings of 4,934 German Jews in the Ninth Fort near Kaunas, Lithuania. These were the first systematic mass killings of German Jews during the Holocaust.〔Browning, ''Origins of the Final Solution'', pp. 395–397〕 The question of where these killings fit into the development of the Final Solution is a matter of dispute among historians.
== Background ==
In September 1941, the German dictator Adolf Hitler decided that the 300,000 Jews of German, Austrian or Czech nationality should be deported from Germany by the end of the year. These Jews were sometimes referred to as the Reich Jews. Heinrich Himmler and Reinhard Heydrich were given the task of organizing the deportation.〔Browning, ''Origins of the Final Solution'', p. 375〕 From October 15, 1941, when the deportations first began, until February 21, 1942, Himmler and Heydrich were able to deport 58,000 people from the Reich, mostly Jews but 5,000 Gypsies were also included. These deportations were effected by 59 transport trains, each carrying almost exactly 1,000 persons. A considerable amount of bureaucratic work was necessary to designate which Jews would be deported, arrange for their transport, and seize what property they might leave behind. Transported Jews were required to declare their assets and abandon almost everything of value.〔Browning, ''Origins of the Final Solution'', pp. 375–398〕
While concentration camps had been in existence in Germany for some time, in September 1941, no death camps had been constructed.〔 The destinations for these trains were instead to be several ghettos in which the Nazis had confined the Jews of Eastern Europe, whom they called the ''Ostjuden''.〔Browning, ''Origins of the Final Solution'', pp. 375–377〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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